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IVDD (Intervertebral Disc Disease) is a degenerative disease where cushioning discs between vertebrae dry out and become brittle, often causing them to rupture due to minor trauma like jumping. While common in chondrodystrophoid (long-backed) breeds, it can affect any dog. It occurs when spinal discs bulge or rupture, causing pressure on the spinal cord, leading to pain, instability, or paralysis. [Source: Google] While I agree that genetics may play a role in longer-backed

Let me start off by saying- THIS IS NOT VETERINARY ADVICE . I often come across horses with low-grade EPM or who had already been through veterinary treatment only to keep relapsing. As an osteopath, I am not licensed to diagnose; however, we are trained to identify signs of EPM because it is a contraindication to some manual therapy. EPM is a protozoal infection in horses. There’s lots of resources where you can find details on EPM- this article focuses on the osteopathic im